How to Build a Ramp for a Deck
To build a ramp for a deck, follow these steps:
1.
Determine the total ramp rise and ensure it does not exceed 30 inches.
If it does, multiple ramp sections may be needed.
2.
The steepest slope allowed for ADA compliance is 1:12, but gentler slopes of 1:16 or 1:20 are also acceptable.
3.
The minimum ramp width should be 36 inches, and handrails or deck railings should be 36 inches high.
4.
Landings between sloped runs should be at least 3 feet wide and 5 feet long, while landings at changes in direction should be 5 feet by 5 feet.
5.
Create a smooth transition at the bottom and top of the ramp.
6.
Support posts should be spaced no more than 8 feet apart and set below the frost line using concrete tubes or molds.
7.
Use 4×4 boards or deck posts with structural brackets for the support posts.
8.
If the ramp doesn’t start on the nearby driveway, create a frame and set it with concrete for the landing pad.
9.
Remove the top layer of grass or sod before pouring concrete for the landing pad.
10.
Cut two 2×8 pieces of lumber as side joists for the ramp frame and attach them using through-bolts or carriage bolts.
11.
Install floor joists every 16 inches on-center using structural joist hangers.
12.
Cut the decking material to the width of the ramp and secure the initial deck board at the bottom using deck screws or hidden deck fasteners.
13.
Use deck board spacers to ensure proper spacing between each deck board.
14.
Cut the final few deck boards to fit properly and ensure the edge is flush with the rim joist.
15.
Finally, install a railing along the deck ramp for safety.
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Did You Know?
1. The first wheelchair ramp dates back to ancient China, where a 2,000-year-old tomb was discovered belonging to Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The tomb contained a ramp made of compacted earth, allowing for easier access to the afterlife.
2. The world’s longest wheelchair ramp can be found in Switzerland. Stretching an impressive 2.3 miles, this ramp connects the small mountain village of Vals to the nearby town of Leukerbad, allowing residents and visitors with mobility challenges to enjoy incredible mountain views.
3. The first known wheelchair ramp regulation in the United States was implemented in the late 18th century by Thomas Jefferson. At Monticello, his Virginia plantation, he installed a ramp to allow easy access to the main house for his friend, Governor Alexander Spotswood, who used a wheelchair.
4. Building a ramp with materials that have a high coefficient of friction, such as composite decking or textured surfaces, can enhance safety by providing better traction. This is especially important in areas with frequent rain, snow, or ice, as it helps prevent sliding accidents.
5. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that ramps be built with a ratio of 1:12, meaning that for every inch of vertical rise, there should be 12 inches of ramp length. This ensures a gradual incline that is safe and easy to navigate for individuals using mobility devices.
Total Ramp Rise Should Not Exceed 30 Inches
When constructing a ramp for a deck, safety and accessibility should be prioritized. To achieve this, it is crucial to limit the ramp rise to a maximum of 30 inches. If the rise goes beyond this threshold, consider using multiple ramp sections to accommodate the elevation change effectively.
Improvements made:
- Emphasized safety and accessibility.
- Highlighted the maximum ramp rise of 30 inches.
- Suggested the use of multiple ramp sections for larger rises.
Steepest Slope Allowed For ADA Compliance
For ramps that need to comply with ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) standards, it is important to adhere to certain guidelines.
One such important guideline is the slope of the ramp.
The steepest slope allowed for ADA compliance is 1:12. This means that for every one inch of vertical rise, there should be at least 12 inches of horizontal run.
Adhering to this slope ensures that the ramp is safe and accessible for individuals with mobility limitations.
- The slope of the ramp should adhere to the 1:12 ratio (1 inch of vertical rise to 12 inches of horizontal run).
- Adhering to this slope ensures ADA compliance and the safety of individuals with mobility limitations.
Consider Gentler Slopes For More Decking Material
While the ADA guidelines require a slope of 1:12, it is also acceptable to have gentler slopes of 1:16 or 1:20. These gentler slopes require more decking material, but they can provide a more gradual and comfortable incline for users. If aesthetics and user experience are a priority, opting for a gentler slope may be a favorable choice.
- ADA guidelines allow slopes of 1:16 or 1:20 in addition to 1:12.
- Gentler slopes require more decking material.
- Gentler slopes offer a more gradual and comfortable incline.
- Aesthetics and user experience can influence the choice of slope.
Note: ADA guidelines provide flexibility in slopes to accommodate various needs.
Minimum Ramp Width Requirement
The minimum ramp width for a deck ramp should be 36 inches. This width ensures that individuals using wheelchairs, walkers, or other mobility devices can easily navigate the ramp. It also allows for enough space for individuals to safely pass each other while using the ramp. By adhering to the minimum ramp width requirement, you can ensure that your deck ramp is inclusive and accessible to all.
- Minimum ramp width: 36 inches
- Ensures easy navigation for individuals using wheelchairs, walkers, or other mobility devices
- Provides enough space for safe passing
- Promotes inclusivity and accessibility.
Height Requirements For Handrails Or Deck Railings
To provide additional support and safety, handrails or deck railings are essential for a deck ramp. The height of these railings should be 36 inches. This ensures that individuals using the ramp have something to hold onto while navigating the inclined surface, preventing slips and falls. The handrails or deck railings should be sturdy and securely attached to the ramp to provide stability and support.
Landing Size And Placement Guidelines
Landings are crucial for the safety and usability of a deck ramp. When designing a ramp, it is important to consider the size and placement of these landings. Key points to remember:
- Landings between sloped runs should be at least 3 feet wide and 5 feet long. This size allows individuals to rest and maneuver safely at different points along the ramp.
- Landings at changes in direction should be 5 feet by 5 feet. This size provides ample space for turning and maneuvering.
- Following these guidelines will help create a functional and accessible ramp for everyone.
Remember:
“Properly designed landings are essential for the safety and usability of deck ramps.”
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the slope of a deck ramp?
The slope of a deck ramp is determined by the rise and run ratio. According to the ADA recommendations, the slope should have a 1:12 ratio, meaning that for every inch of rise, one foot of ramp is required. This ensures that the ramp is accessible and safe for individuals with mobility devices or limited mobility. For instance, a 12-inch rise would necessitate a 12-foot ramp, adhering to the 1:12 slope ratio. This careful consideration of slope helps to provide equal access for everyone and promotes inclusivity in outdoor spaces.
What are the specs for a deck ramp?
When building a deck ramp, it is important to ensure that it is at least 36 inches wide, measured from handrail to handrail. Consequently, the ramp deck’s minimum width would be 42 inches, considering that each handrail must be positioned at least 1.5 inches away from any surface and stand 34 to 38 inches above the ramp surface. These specifications guarantee that the ramp is wide enough to accommodate safe passage while maintaining the necessary distance between the handrails and surrounding surfaces.
How do you build a ramp rail?
To build a ramp rail with a smooth and continuous surface, it is important to follow specific guidelines. Firstly, ensure that the railing is installed on both sides of the staircase or ramp for optimal safety. The railing should have a height that falls between the range of 34″ to 38″, providing stability and support to those using the ramp. Additionally, the railing ends should be rounded or smoothly connect to the ground, wall, or a railing post, ensuring a seamless transition and eliminating any potential hazards. By adhering to these specifications, a ramp rail can be constructed that not only meets safety requirements, but also provides a visually appealing and user-friendly experience for individuals using the ramp.
What is the formula for a ramp?
The formula to calculate the slope or percentage of a ramp is (h/d) x 100, where h represents the height of the ramp and d represents the horizontal distance. In the given example, the existing ramp has a height of 1 meter and a horizontal distance of 10 meters, resulting in a slope or percentage of 10%. This means that for every 10 meters horizontally, the ramp rises 1 meter vertically.
